Anal Gland Issues Dr. Robert Baker, DVM
What: Anal glands are two dime-sized sacs whose linings contain cells that secrete a musty foul smelling brownish color liquid.
Where: The glands are located on each side of the rectum, in the four and seven o’clock positions, between the external and internal muscles that surround the anus. When these muscles are tightened, such as in fright or flight, these glands may be accidentally expressed. They are normally expressed in the process of having bowel movements. Anything that interferes with normal bowel movements may cause the glands to not be expressed adequately. Problems are more likely in obese dogs and small breeds of dogs.
Purpose: In dogs and cats, the glands most likely serve as territorial markers or communicating unknown factors between animals. Skunks have anal glands with direction nipples located inside the anus that are inverted and can be aimed toward a specific target. (Dogs and cats just have small openings located at the edge of the rectal-anal surface.)
Importance:
- The glands may become distended and exert pressure on the rectal area, causing your pet to “sled” or “scoot”.
- The fluid in the glands may become ropey and thickened, making it difficult for the pet to relieve the pressure.
- The glands can be inflamed, causing pain and discomfort (anal gland sacculitis).
- The glands may become infected, leading to a painful abscess in the rectal area, which needs to be treated by a veterinarian immediately.
- Tumors, while rare, can occur in the anal glands, called anal gland adenocarcinoma.
Corrections:
- External: Wear a disposable glove. Place a thumb and finger alongside rectal area, in the four and seven o’clock position, and gently push forward. You should then feel the bulb-type structure between your thumb and forefinger. Place firm pressure on the trapped bulb and the gland material should be expressed out the anal opening (in every direction, so keep the rectal area covered with tissue or cotton).
- Internal: Wear a disposable glove. Lubricate the forefinger and insert it gently into the rectum, trapping the gland between your thumb and forefinger. Without removing your finger, turn your hand palm side up and express the opposite gland between your thumb and forefinger. Keep the rectal area covered with tissue or cotton. If you choose this method, you may wish to have your veterinarian assist you the first time. This method will obviously not work well in very small dogs or cats.
- For anal gland sacculitis, impaction or infection (abscesses), consult your veterinarian immediately.
- For chronic anal gland problems, the glands can be surgically removed, which should permanently resolve any issues. This should not be necessary in the majority of cases.
- Adenocarcinomas of the anal glands are oftentimes malignant and readily metastasized to other areas.
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